%  Exercise
%
%  Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2019 Didier Rémy
%
%  Author         : Didier Remy 
%  Version        : 1.2.1
%  Bug Reports    : to author
%  Web Site       : http://pauillac.inria.fr/~remy/latex/
% 
%  Exercise is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
%  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
%  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
%  any later version.
%  
%  Exercise is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
%  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
%  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
%  GNU General Public License for more details 
%  (http://pauillac.inria.fr/~remy/license/GPL).
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  File exercise.sty (LaTeX macros)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%

%% Identification

\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{exercise}
         [2019/07/24 version 1.2.1 Exercise]

%% Preliminary declarations

\RequirePackage {keyval}

\newcommand \setanswer [1]{\setkeys{answer}{#1}}

\newif \ifin@exercise \in@exercisefalse
\newif \if@answers \@answerstrue
\newif \if@answer@anchor \@answer@anchortrue
\newif \if@answer@later \@answer@latertrue
\newif \if@answer@some \@answer@somefalse

\define@key {answer}{show}[]{\@answerstrue}
\define@key {answer}{hide}[]{\@answersfalse}
\define@key {answer}{inline}[]{\@answer@laterfalse}
\define@key {answer}{later}[]{\@answer@latertrue}
\define@key {answer}{anchor}[]{\@answer@anchortrue}
\define@key {answer}{noanchor}[]{\@answer@anchorfalse}

%% Options

\DeclareOption*{\edef \exo@answer@file{\CurrentOption}}
\DeclareOption{hide}{\@answersfalse}
\DeclareOption{inline}{\@answer@laterfalse}
\DeclareOption{noanchor}{\@answer@anchorfalse}
\ProcessOptions\relax

%% More declarations

\def \@beginexercisehook {}
\def \AtBeginExercise {\g@addto@macro \@beginexercisehook}

\newcommand{\AboveExerciseSkip}[1]
   {\g@addto@macro {\endExercise}{\vskip -\lastskip\vskip #1}}
\newcommand {\BelowExerciseSkip}[1]
   {\AtBeginExercise {\vskip -\lastskip \vskip #1}}


\def \@begindocumentexercisehook {}
\def \AtBeginDocumentExercise {\g@addto@macro \@begindocumentexercisehook}
\AtBeginDocument {\@begindocumentexercisehook}
\AtBeginDocumentExercise 
  {\@ifundefined {exo@filename}{\edef \exo@filename{\jobname}}{}}
\define@key {answer}{file}{\exo@set@filename {#1}}
\def \exo@set@filename #1{\def \exo@filename {#1}}
\@onlypreamble \exo@set@filename

\def \exo@empty{}
\@ifundefined {thechapter}
   {\let \exo@chapter \exo@empty}
   {\def \exo@chapter {\thechapter}}
\newcommand {\exo@hyperlink}[2]
  {\@ifundefined {hyperlink}{#2}{\hyperlink {#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand {\exo@hypertarget}[2]
  {\@ifundefined {hypertarget}{#2}{\hypertarget {#1}{#2}}}

\def \exo@francais{frenchb}
\ifx \exo@francais \languagename
  \def \ExerciseName {Exercice}
  \def \AnswerName {Réponse}
\else
  \def \ExerciseName {Exercise}
  \def \AnswerName {Answer}
\fi

\newcommand {\exo@SquareBox}[2][0.033em]
  {\hbox {\vbox {\hrule height #1\hbox to #2
         {\vrule width #1\vbox to #2{\vss}\hss \vrule width #1}\hrule
         height #1}}}

\AtBeginDocumentExercise
 {\newwrite \ans@channel
  \def \open@ans
      {\immediate \openout \ans@channel \exo@filename.ans\relax
       \global \let \open@ans \relax}}
\def \ans@reopen
      {\@ifundefined {exo@suffix}{\global \newcount \exo@suffix}{}%
       \global \advance \exo@suffix \@ne
       \xdef \exo@filename {\jobname\the \exo@suffix}%
       \immediate \openout \ans@channel \exo@filename.ans\relax
       \global \let \open@ans \relax}

%\openans
% \let \@exercise \exercise
% \def \exercise {\openans \global \let \exercise \@exercise\exercise}

%\def \ans@write #1{\xdef \ans@put {\write\ans@channel {#1}}\ans@put}
\def \ans@write #1{\open@ans \immediate \write\ans@channel {#1}}

%% Ugly hack so that it works with latex, amsthm, and ntheorem. 
%% \newtheorem{Exercise}{\exo@hypertarget{Exo-\the\c@Exercise}{\ExerciseName}}

%% Must be called at beging document, because theorem may not be loaded
%% right now. 

\AtBeginDocument{%
\let \exo@ExerciseName \relax%
\newtheorem{Exercise} {\exo@ExerciseName}%
\def \exo@ExerciseName {\exo@hypertarget{Exo-\the\c@Exercise}{\ExerciseName}}%
}

\newcounter{Question}

\let \exo@endparenv \@endparenv
\def \exo@no@endparenv {\let \@endparenv \exo@endparenv}
\def \exo@nobreakafter {\let \@endparenv \exo@no@endparenv}
\newif \ifexo@boxed
\def \exoend
    {\ifexo@boxed 
     \else
       \ifvmode \vskip -\lastskip \nopagebreak \else
       \unskip \unpenalty \unskip \penalty 100\-\hbox{}\penalty 100\fi
       \hfill \hbox to 1em{\hfil \exo@SquareBox {0.5em}}
      \fi \global\exo@boxedtrue}
\newenvironment {exercise}[1][]
    {\def \@test {#1}\ifx \@test \@empty
     \begin{Exercise}\else \begin{Exercise}[#1]\fi
     \@beginexercisehook
     \in@exercisetrue
     \setcounter {Question}{0}%
     \let \nobreakafter \exo@nobreakafter
     \exo@boxedfalse
     \ans@write {\string
         \ExerciseNew {\@currentlabel}{\exo@chapter}{\thepage}{#1}}}
    {\exoend \end{Exercise}}

\def \ans@lastlabel {}
\let \fragileanswer \ans@write

%% This environment can be redefined to customize immediate answers.
\newenvironment {AnswerNow}
   {\par \em \noindent {\underline {\AnswerName}:}}
   {\par \smallskip}
%%    {\futurelet \@tmp \exo@end}
%% \def \exo@end {\aftergroup \exo@@end}
%% \def \exo@@end 
%%   {\ifx \@tmp \exoend \let \@do \@firstoftwo \else
%%    \let \@do \@secondoftwo \fi
%%    \@do{\exoend}{\par \smallskip}}

\def\@answer
  {\exo@beforeanswerhook
   \if@answers \ifin@exercise 
     \if@answer@later
       \global\@answer@sometrue
        \em
        \stepcounter{Question}%
        \if@answer@anchor
           \@ifundefined {hyperlink}{}
              {\unskip \nobreak\hfil\penalty50\hskip 1em \hbox{}\nobreak
               \hskip 0em plus 1filll 
               \exo@hyperlink
                  {Ans-\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question}{\hbox
                  {\AnswerName}}%
               \begingroup
                  % This may produce garbage in .aux --- couldn't figure out why
                  \def \@currentHref{}%
                  \label{Anchor-\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question}%
                  %% \hypertarget{Dst-\c@Exercise.\c@Question}{}%
               \endgroup
               \nobreak
               \hskip 1em\penalty -10000}%
        \fi 
        \ifx \ans@lastlabel \@currentlabel
           \ans@write {\string \AnswerContinued
                         {\@currentlabel}{\the\c@Question}}%
        \else
           \ans@write {\string \AnswerNew
                         {\@currentlabel}{\the\c@Question}}%
           \global \edef \ans@lastlabel {\@currentlabel}%
        \fi
      \else
         \let \endanswer \endAnswerNow \let \ans@copytoend \AnswerNow
      \fi
   \fi \fi
   \exo@beginanswerhook
   \ans@copytoend}
\let \answer \@answer  
\def \exo@defhook #1{\@namedef {exo@#1hook}{}}
\exo@defhook {beforeanswer}
\exo@defhook {beginanswer}
\def \exo@addhook #1#2{%
    \@ifundefined {exo@#1hook}
       {\PackageError {exercise}{Undefined hook #1}{Fatal error in Package}}%
       {\expandafter \g@addto@macro \csname exo@#1hook\endcsname {#2}}%
}
\def \exo@usehook #1{\csname exo@#1hook\endcsname}
\newcommand{\AtBeforeAnswer}[2][answer]{\exo@addhook {before#1}{#2}}
\newcommand{\AtBeginAnswer}[2][answer]{\exo@addhook {begin#1}{#2}}

\def \un@inpenc@loop#1#2{%
  \@tempcnta`#1\relax
  \loop
    \catcode\@tempcnta 12
  \ifnum\@tempcnta<`#2\relax
     \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
  \repeat}

  
%% To undo accents encodings, so as to be truely verbatim
\def\uninputencoding {\@ifundefined {inputencoding}{\catcode `\^^A 12}{%
    \un@inpenc@loop\^^A\^^H%
    \un@inpenc@loop\^^K\^^K%
    \un@inpenc@loop\^^N\^^_%
    \un@inpenc@loop\^^?\^^ff%
    }}

\def \exo@answer@env{answer}
\def \exo@next@end {\csname end\exo@answer@env\endcsname
                \expandafter \endgroup \ignorespaces}
\bgroup
\catcode `\|=0 \catcode `\{=12 \catcode `\}=12
\catcode `\[=1 \catcode `\]=2  \catcode`\\=12

|gdef |ans@dotest#1\end{#2}#3|END[%
      |def |@test [#1]|ifx |@test|empty
          |def |@env [#2]|ifx |@env |exo@answer@env 
             |let |exo@next |exo@next@end 
          |fi
      |fi
      |ifx |exo@next |exo@next@end |else
        |if@answers |ans@write [|exo@arg]|fi
      |fi]
|gdef |ans@testarg#1|END[|ans@dotest#1 |relax|relax\end{|relax}|END]
|egroup


\def\ans@copytoend
  {\uninputencoding
   \let \do \@makeother \dospecials \obeylines\ans@copy@first}
{\obeylines%
\gdef \ans@copy#1
  {\def\exo@arg{#1}\ans@testarg#1\END\exo@next}%
\gdef \ans@copy@first#1
  {\def \@test{#1}\let \exo@next \ans@copy%
   \ifx \@test \empty \else \def\exo@arg{#1}\ans@testarg#1\END\fi%
   \exo@next}%
}

\def \AnswerSection {\section}
\newcommand{\reallyinputanswers}{\@answerstrue\inputanswers}
\newcommand{\IfSomeAnswer}
  {\if@answer@some \let \@do \@firstoftwo \else
   \let \@do \@secondoftwo \fi \@do}
\newcommand{\inputanswers}[2][\exo@filename]
 {\if@answers \if@answer@later \if@answer@some
    \AnswerSection {#2}%
    \immediate \write \ans@channel {\string \endinput}%
    \immediate \closeout \ans@channel
%    \@input {\exo@filename .ans}%
    \bgroup
    \newread \ans@read
    \openin \ans@read \exo@filename.ans
       \ifeof \ans@read
          \message {*** Warning! No answers to exercices}\closein  \ans@read
       \else \closein \ans@read
       \message {Including answers to exercices}\input \exo@filename.ans
       \fi 
     \egroup
     \global\@answer@somefalse
     \global \let \open@ans \ans@reopen
  \fi \fi \fi}

\def \AnswerSubsection{\subsection*}

\def \AnswerContinued #1#2{\egroup
  \bgroup
  \par \goodbreak
  \noindent\AnswerSubsection 
      {\exo@hypertarget {Ans-#1.#2}{\ExerciseName}~\exo@hyperlink
         {Exo-#1}{#1 continued, page \AnswerAnchorPage{#1}{#2}}}}

\def \AnswerAnchorPage #1#2{\pageref{Anchor-#1.#2}}
\def \AnswerNew #1#2{\egroup \bgroup
  \par \goodbreak \noindent\AnswerSubsection
      {\exo@hypertarget {Ans-#1.#2}{\ExerciseName}~\exo@hyperlink
            {Exo-#1}{#1, page \AnswerAnchorPage{#1}{#2}}}}
\newcommand {\ExerciseNew}[4]{\setcounter {Exercise}{#1}}


%%%% extension

% \newanswer{name}
%     {before-begin}{after-begin}
%     {fragile-insertion}
%     [number-of-args][default-value]{before-end}{after-end}

\newcommand {\NewQuestion}[2]
   {\setcounter {Exercise}{#1}\setcounter {Question}{#2}%
    \exo@hypertarget {Ans-#1.#2}{}}
\def \AnswerLink #1{\exo@hyperlink {Ans-\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question}{#1}}
\def \ExerciseLink #1{\exo@hyperlink {Exo-\the\c@Exercise}{#1}}

\newcommand {\newanswer}[7]
 {\exo@defhook {begin#1}\exo@defhook {before#1}\relax
  \newenvironment {exo-#1}{#3}{#4}\relax
  \newenvironment {now-#1}{#5}{#6}\relax
  \newenvironment {#1}[2][#2]
      {\def \exo@answer@env {#1}\edef \AnswerName{##1}%
       \exo@usehook {beforeanswer}\exo@usehook {before#1}%
       \setkeys{answer}{##2}%
       \if@answers 
         \if@answer@later
           \global\@answer@sometrue
           \ifin@exercise
             \stepcounter{Question}%
             \ans@write
                  {\string \NewQuestion {\the\c@Exercise}{\the\c@Question}}%
           \fi
           \ans@write{\string \begin{ans-#1}#7}%
           \csname exo-#1\endcsname
         \else
           \expandafter \let \expandafter \exo@let \csname endnow-#1\endcsname
           \expandafter \let \csname end#1\endcsname \exo@let
           \expandafter \let \expandafter \exo@let \csname now-#1\endcsname
           \let \ans@copytoend \exo@let
         \fi
       \fi 
       \exo@usehook {begineanswer}\exo@usehook {begin#1}%
       \ans@copytoend
       }
      {\if@answers 
          \csname endexo-#1\endcsname \ans@write{\string \end{ans-#1}}\fi
      }\relax
  \newenvironment {ans-#1}}

\newcommand {\AnswerNiceLink}[1][\AnswerName]
    {\if@answer@anchor \@ifundefined {hyperlink}{}
         {\unskip \nobreak\hfil\penalty50\hskip 1em \hbox{}\nobreak
          \hskip 0em plus 1filll 
          \AnswerLink{\hbox {#1}}%
          \nobreak
          \hskip 1em\penalty -10000}\fi}

\newenvironment{solution}
   {\par \em \noindent {\underline {\AnswerName}:}}
   {\par \smallskip}
\let \answer@solution \solution
\let \answer@endsolution \endsolution
\let \solution \relax \let \endsolution \relax

\providecommand{\hfilll}{\hskip 0em plus 1filll}
\def \ExoRightline #1{{\unskip\nobreak\hfilll\penalty50\hskip2em\hbox{}\nobreak
        \hfilll\hbox{#1}}}

\newcommand {\SolutionName}{Solution}
\newanswer{solution}
  %% Text for anchor
  {Solution}%
  %% Text for anchor
  {\if@answer@later
     \if@answer@anchor
       %%        \global \@someanswertrue 
       %\AnswerLink{\hbox {\AnswerName}}
       \if@answer@shortanchor
         (See solution of \AnswerLink {\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question\space
          p. \pageref{plbl-\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question}}.)% 
       \else
         %% \vskip -\lastskip
         %\vskip \smallskipamount
         \ExoRightline 
              {\scriptsize                  
               \AnswerLink
                 {(Solution p. \pageref{plbl-\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question})}%
               }%
       \fi
     \fi
   \else \def \AnswerName {\SolutionName}\fi
   \exo@hypertarget {Sol-\the\c@Exercise.\the\c@Question}{}}
  {\relax}
  {\answer@solution}
  {\answer@endsolution}
  {{\the\c@Exercise}{\the\c@Question}}
  [2]
  {\subsection* 
        {\exo@hypertarget {Ans-#1.#2}{\SolutionName} of 
         \exo@hyperlink {Sol-#1.#2}{Exercise #1\ifthenelse{\equal{#2}{1}}{}
                {, Question #2}}%
        }%
   \label{plbl-#1.#2}%
   \gdef \Endenv
      {\unskip \ifhmode \unpenalty \penalty 100\fi\hfill \rule{2mm}{2mm}\relax
       \gdef \Endenv{}}\nobreak
   }
  {\Endenv \endtrivlist \@doendpe}



% \newanswer {myanswer}{\AnswerName}
%    {\em \AnswerNiceLink}
%    {}
%    {\AnswerNow}
%    {\endAnswerNow}
%    {{\thepage}}
%    [1]
%    {\ifnum \the\c@Question=1\relax 
%       \subsection* {\ExerciseLink {Exercise \the\c@Exercise, page #1}}%
%     \else
%       \subsubsection* 
%          {\ExerciseLink {Exercice \the\c@Exercise\space (continued)}}%
%     \fi}
%    {}

%%% So as to make a list of all exercises

\let \exo@chap \exo@empty
\def \exo@lparen{(}
\def \exo@diff {\futurelet \exo@next\exo@@diff}
\def \exo@@diff
  {\ifx \exo@next (\let \@do \exo@@diff@ \else \def \@do {\rlap{}\qquad}\fi
   \@do}
\def \exo@@diff@ (#1){\rlap {#1}\qquad\ignorespaces}

\newcommand {\ExerciseItem}[4]
  {\def \@test {#2}\ifx \@test \exo@chap\else
   \gdef \exo@chap {#2}\medskip\noindent{\bf 
      \@ifundefined {chaptername}{Chapter}{\chaptername}
      \exo@chap}\par \smallskip  \nopagebreak 
   \parindent 0em \fi
   \noindent\hbox to 5em {\exo@hyperlink{Exo-#1}{#1, {\it #3}}\hfil}%
   \exo@diff #4\par}

\newcommand{\ListOfExercises}[1][\chapter {\huge List of all exercises}]
   {\newpage
    \@mkboth {\MakeUppercase {List of all exercises}}
             {\MakeUppercase {List of all exercises}}
    \null
    \medskip
    #1
    \null

    \smallskip
    \bgroup 
      \let \ExerciseNew \ExerciseItem
      \parindent 0em
      \newread \ans@read
      \openin \ans@read \exo@filename.loe
      \ifeof \ans@read
        \message {*** Warning! No List of Exercices}\closein \ans@read
        \else \closein \ans@read
        \message {Including List Of Exercises}\input \exo@filename.loe
      \fi 
    \egroup}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% \@ifundefined{whizzy@makelineno}{}{%
%%   \def \setline@answer
%%    {\whizzy@makelineno \ans@write
%%       {\string \SourceFile {\whizzy@curfile}%
%%        \string \SetLineno {\the\whizzy@count}}}%
%%   \AtBeginAnswer{\setline@answer}%
%% %%   \def \exo@inside@answer 
%% %%    {\ifnum \the\inputlineno<\whizzy@line}
%% %%   \AtBeforeAnswer{\check@inside@answer}%
%% }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\@ifundefined{whizzy@version}{%
\let \WhizzySolutionActivate \relax
\endinput
}{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Extra for WhizzyTeX 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcount \whizzy@sol
\def \@answer@reallyinline 
   {\@answerstrue \@answer@laterfalse \let \@answer@latertrue \relax}
\def \WhizzySolutionActivate {%
\def \whizzy@beginsolution
  {\@ifundefined {whizzy@linelimit}{}%
   {\let \@do \relax 
    \global \advance \whizzy@sol by 1\relax
    \advance \c@Question by 1\relax
    \expandafter \let \expandafter \@aux
          \csname EndExoLine\the\c@Exercise-\the\whizzy@sol.\the\c@Question\endcsname
    \advance \c@Question by -1\relax
    \ifx \@aux \relax \else 
        \ifnum \the\inputlineno<\whizzy@line
           \ifnum \whizzy@line<\@aux 
             \def \@do {\@answer@reallyinline \color{red}}%
             \advance \c@Question by 1\relax
        \fi
      \fi
    \fi \@do}}%
\let \latex@solution \solution
\def \solution {\whizzy@beginsolution \latex@solution}%
%% \newif \ifenlarged
%% \expandafter\g@addto@macro\csname now-answer\endcsname {\ifenlarged\Large\fi}
\def \whizzy@endsolution {\whizzy@aux
 {\string \putanswer
     {\the\c@Exercise-\the\whizzy@sol}{\the\c@Question}{\the\inputlineno}}}
\let \latex@endsolution \endsolution
\def \endsolution {\whizzy@endsolution \latex@endsolution}
\expandafter \let \expandafter \Endnowsolution 
         \csname endnow-solution\endcsname
\expandafter \def \csname endnow-solution\endcsname
     {{\whizzy@endsolution}\Endnowsolution}%
\AtBeginAnswer[solution]{\setline@answer}%
\let \WhizzySolutionActivate \relax
}
\def \putanswer#1#2#3{%
     \expandafter \let \expandafter \@tmp \csname EndExoLine#1.#2\endcsname
     \ifx \@tmp \relax
        \expandafter \gdef \csname EndExoLine#1.#2\endcsname {#3}%
     \fi}
\def \setline@answer 
   {\whizzy@makelineno \ans@write
     {\string \SourceFile{\whizzy@curfile}\string\SetLineno{\the\whizzy@count}}%
   }%